Background: One of the main purposes of root canal treatment is the complete debridement of root canals. Regardless of the instrumentation technique used 35% or more of the root canal surfaces have been observed to remain uninstrumented. To remove debris and address these uninstrumented surfaces, it is necessary to copiously irrigate the root canal. Many adjuncts have also been developed and being used in an effort to improve the delivery and effectiveness of these irrigants. Although much research have been conducted on different root canal treatment regime and irrigants used in dentistry, only a little data can be found on the widespread practice or acceptance of such methods. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this survey was therefore to ascertain the current trends in the use of root canal irrigants and irrigation protocol followed by Endodontists and Postgraduate students across Central India (Madhya Pradesh). Material and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted and participants were asked to fill in responses to some questions regarding their preferences for root canal irrigation like irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, technique used for delivery and activation of irrigants, etc. Results: The majority of the respondents considered both irrigations as well as instrumentation to be of equal importance. Also, the majority of respondents prefer full-strength sodium hypochlorite (5.25%) while only a few have been found to use its lower concentration (3%). Conclusion: It is essential for future prospects to get an awareness of the properties and actions of irrigants and incorporate them into practice for executing a successful endodontic treatment.

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Context: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have widely been demonstrated in inflamed periodontal tissues and oral fluids. MMP3 is one of the MMPs which is effective in the degradation of numerous extracellular matrix substrates. It also participates in the proteolytic activation cascades of latent pro-MMP1, -8, and -9 which mediate collagenosis. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP3 levels in chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing (SRP). Settings and Design: A total of 60 subjects aged 25–55 years are randomly selected from the outpatient department of periodontology of our institute and categorized into two groups of 30 each; Group I - periodontally healthy and Group II - generalized chronic periodontitis. Subjects and Methods: Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss were recorded in both groups. GCF was collected only once in Group I but twice in Group II. After the baseline records, Group II received SRP treatment followed by re-recording of clinical parameters and GCF sample collection 6 weeks posttreatment. GCF samples were analyzed for MMP3 molecule by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed by Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: All the clinical parameters showed improvements after the treatment procedure (P < 0.05). Baseline GCF MMP3 values in the test group were significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.05), and all the parameters decreased significantly after treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation between individual clinical parameters and biochemical parameter was positive but statistically insignificant (P > 0.01). Conclusions: Within the confines of this study, GCF MMP3 was increased in Group II subjects, suggesting its role in chronic periodontitis and the possibility of it being used as an early diagnostic biomarker.

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Aim: (1) To diagnose by clinical inspection the dental and craniofacial skeletal anomalies in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients of the particular tribal population. (2) To compare the clinical findings with normal controls of the same population. Materials and Methods: A study sample of 52 SCA patients and a control sample of 52 non-SCA patients, both belonging to the tribal communities of the area, were selected by nonrandom purposive sampling from the patients attending the Public Health Centre and Dental Outpatient Department of the Government Tribal Hospital of that region. Permission was duly taken through proper channels from the competent authorities. The study design was a comparative cross-sectional study using nonrandom purposive sampling. The study sample consisted of confirmed SCA patients above 18 years of age of both sexes and belonging to any tribe of the region. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for quantitative variables. Frontal bossing, numb chin syndrome, diastemata, and ischemic pulp involvement were absent in both the study and control groups. Intraoral findings such as the inclination of incisors, overjet, and overbite were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Conclusion: The data obtained were proposed to be used to formulate a plan for 17 prevention and treatment of the anomalies through timely intervention. Furthermore, the patients need 18 to be made aware of the relationship between these pathologies and SCA. Of the ten features that 19 were examined, only retroclination of incisors showed a significant difference from the control 20 groups. This could be attributed to the lip pressure on the maxilla. However, it did not affect 21 esthetics or function, and therefore, no intervention was required.

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Maxillary obturator prosthesis is usually preferred for patient going through partial or total maxillectomy. The heavy weight of the obturator prosthesis is usually a major concern to the prosthodontist as it may cause inconvenience with masticatory function. The maxillary defect may be congenital or acquired; hence, the latter often leads to patients encountering an array of physical and psychological distress. Rehabilitation of such patients is often challenging due to the extent of the defect area. Achieving adequate retention is of utmost importance as it reinforces the obturator musculoskeletal coordination. The processing technique described in this case report is the lost salt technique using a single-step flasking procedure which was customized accordingly with heat-cure acrylic resin as stops on the flask to accommodate the closed hollow obturator prosthesis as a single unit. This article describes the management of a patient who had undergone partial hemimaxillectomy secondary to mucoepidermoid cell carcinoma rehabilitated with hollow obturator prosthesis.

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Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is the most common reactive gingival lesion. The cause and pathology are well understood. Peripheral giant cell granuloma, pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, and peripheral fibroma are among the differential diagnoses. The confirmed diagnosis for POF is based on histopathological evidence. A healthy 49-year-old man with fibrous swelling in the lower left anterior region of his jaw is discussed in this case report. Excisional biopsy was performed utilizing a diode laser in pulse mode at 980 nm. The patient was monitored for a year, and there was no recurrence.

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