Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder caused by partial or complete upper airway collapse with hallmark features of repetitive breathing cessation resulting in reduced oxygen saturation. India ranks third among countries worst hit by OSA. OSA is linked with elevated morbidity and mortality with various modifiable/nonmodifiable predisposing factors. Different medical approaches such as polysomnography, home sleep testing, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, drug-induced sleep endoscopy, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio assist in diagnosis. Depending on disease severity, various treatment lines have been advocated, including behavioral modifications, continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances (OAs), and surgical intervention. The role of pharmacotherapy in OSA remains controversial and demands extensive study. OA case selection and titration need to be done with utmost care. Definite protocols for the selection of suitable candidates for OA therapy need to be established. Various invasive and non-invasive surgical interventions such as bariatric surgeries, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and Mandibular advancement appliances (MAA) have been advocated for OSA treatment. However, MMA requires a detailed diagnosis, including hard and soft tissue examination and an adequate recovery strategy to avoid any resulting adverse facial aesthetics. Implantable upper airway neurostimulators serve as a hope for newer therapeutic approaches. The need for the hour is a multidisciplinary solution to OSA.

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Background: The introduction of magnification aids such as dental operating microscope and magnifying loupes is one of the most important technologies that have improved dental treatment quality and allow dentists to enhance their visibility and accuracy for diagnosis and treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the awareness, attitude, and prevalence of usage of magnifying loupes among the general dental practitioners and postgraduate students in Central India. Methodology: A close-ended validated questionnaire was structured to assess the awareness, attitude, and prevalence of magnifying loupes among the general dental practitioners and postgraduate students in Central India. Data were analyzed with simple descriptive statistics (SPSS Ver 22). Results: Almost 91.9% of the participants were aware of dentistry magnification, whereas only 47.17% of the participants were using them in their clinical practice. Conclusions: Although most participants were aware of the magnifying loupes, its practical usage was limited to only 47.17%.

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Context: Scientific research is an indispensable part of health-care curricula and a crucial exercise to help evolve clinician's research adroitness. Aims: The survey was planned to gauge and assess the postgraduates (PGs) dental students knowledge, attitude, and interest toward scientific research and to determine the factors and their perception for the dearth of research interest. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based research was done after the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and obtaining written informed consent from participants. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 224 (1^st year, 2^nd year, and 3^rd year PGs) dental students of a private dental college in Kanpur city with a prevalidated structured questionnaire on the research principles was developed, and the students were asked to fill the questionnaire. Results: In the present study, 73% of the PGs did not know the definition of the research hypothesis. Ninety-two percent of PGs do not know the significance of scale 0–5 in researches, and 75% of PGs were unaware of the value of taking approval for conducting a research study. These results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). PGs have not participated in any research projects during their under-graduation or internship (93%) nor have written any scientific publication (94%), and the results obtained were statistically significant. The lack of time due to the vast curriculum of PG students (55%) and lack of interest (52%) were the personal reasons, whereas inadequate financial support (47%) and lack of time (49%) were among the institutional reasons for not conducting the research. Conclusions: A positive attitude but with a deficient level of knowledge and interest in context to research was found among PG dental students. Various factors such as vast PG syllabus, lack of time, deficient financial support, and lack of proper seemed to be the barriers in pursuing research.

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Purpose: This study was conducted on a randomly selected group of secondary school adolescents in the Sadar Upazila under Cox's Bazar to assess the incidence of developmental dental (Deciduous, permanent and Mixed Dentition) anomalies concerning age, gender, and the relationship between jaws and teeth. Methodology: A sample survey by an oral examination of 198 school students, 11–16 years of age, was drawn from a Kalatali, Cox's Bazar District school Bangladesh who were available on October 19, 2019. Our participants were limited to students whose parents were agreed to participate in the survey and provided informed consent. Clinical examination was performed to identify the prevalence of developmental dental anomaly using portable light, dental mirror, and oral explorer. Dental abnormalities were discovered after examining the complete maxillary and mandibular arch. Results: Of the total respondents under the study, 56.6% were female, and 43.4% were male. Among the diagnosed disturbances, developmental anomalies in upper lateral incisors prevailed in 34.3% of cases. The cusp of Carabelli appeared to be the most dominant one covering almost 73.9% of the existing coverage of anomalies. However, the presence of the cusp of Carabelli in the permanent dentition was found in 76.2% of cases. Conclusion: Out of several dental anomalies, cups of Carabelli came out as the most prevalent dental anomaly among the sample shows 11.15 Chi-square value of the study subjects.

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Keloids are an unorganized proliferation of fibrous tissue, usually arising from a site of injury due to an aberrant healing process. Clinically, it presents as ugly scar tissue on the skin and shows genetic predilection. They cause esthetic, physical, and psychological disturbances in the affected individuals. Such patients require special precautions during routine surgical procedures. Its treatment is associated with a high degree of resistance and recurrence. In this article, one such case is reported along with a literature review discussing the nature of the lesion, treatment options, and the recommended precautions.

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Juvenile ossifying fibroma is an uncommon fibro-osseous lesion of jaws nature of short-term rapid growth characterized by excessive growth of bone, destruction, and more probable to reoccur. This lesion has more predominance to occur in younger individuals than older ones and mostly involves facial bones. The lesion mostly involves jaws, orbit, cranial bones, ethmoidal complex, skull base, and Calvaria. Radiographically appears as unilocular or multilocular appearance. The lesion was divided into psammomatoid and trabecular types histopathologically. The psammomatous type of juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma principally involves the bones of the orbit and paranasal sinuses. This lesion is considered to have a higher recurrence rate than its counterparts, so it should be taken care of. This is a case report of a 17-year-old female patient referred to our clinic for a swelling complaint and was provisionally diagnosed as a periapical cyst. The radiograph of this swelling appeared as a multilocular mixed lesion upon viewing. An incisional biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis, ensuring it was a juvenile ossifying psammomatoid fibroma. The treatment for the lesion was surgical excision and succeeded by restoration. Lesions with different clinical presentations should be viewed cautiously, taken care of for a proper diagnostic approach, and should be followed for more extended periods to avoid recurrence.

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